CHAPTER - 7 | KHILAFAT MOVEMENT | O LEVELS PAKISTAN STUDIES | HISTORY (2059 / 1) | (CLASS NOTES FOR REVISION)

                                                     KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

 

 Reasons for starting the Khilafat Movement:

  · British captures Turkish Empire this included Makkah, Madinah. Launched to protect these areas

· Sultan of Turkey dethroned, immense figure in Muslim world.

· Germany and Austria had been punished through several treaties, worries about Turkey being treated in a similar manner

· The Muslims supported the British but did not wish to fight against their Muslim Brothers.

 

disserted.

·      Some Muslim Leaders thought that Indian Muslims would also be punished through reforms, etc

·      British had previously promised good treatment of Turkey empire.

·      Hindu supported the Muslims but wanted Self Rule

 

 Reasons for Failure:

 

 · Delegation of Muslim members (under Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar)’s demands regarding Turkey were not accepting

· British policy of repression against supporters. 30,000 arrested.

· Hijrat movement failure

· Leaders, Ali Brothers arrested on Sedition charges

· Gandhi’s non co operation movement spilled over to violence, Chauri chara incident. Thus ended non co-operation.

· Disunity among aims, Hindus only wanted Self Rule >Kemal Ataturk took over Turkey, abolished Caliphate system.

 

Reasons for Hijrat Movement:

 

· Some Muslim Leaders like Maulana Abdul Kamal believed that India was Dar ul Harb Leaders of the Khilafat Movement realized that British would not accept demands, so to Pressurize British and Ruin their international image

· Muslims who migrated weren’t in good economic condition and were promised fertile land in Afghanistan.

· Muslims who migrated couldn’t enter Afghanistan because closed borders so forced back. The movement itself was very ill planned, no leaders, no afghani govt consulted, Jinnah did not believe in this movement saying that Politics should remain in India

 

Successes:

 

· Precursor to Independence ~ Large Scale Hindu and Muslim nationalistic feelings/want for self rule

 

· Muslims learnt political strength and how to do large scale movements unlike small previous methods

 

· Realized mistakes they made in Khilafat Movement which led to downfall

 

· Hindu Withdrawal from movement gave credence to the Two nation Theory

 

 FAILURES:

 

 · Detoriated British Muslim relations on a large scale, political demands reform acceptance unlikely

· Many Muslims migrated to Afghanistan, came back to economic misery

· Muslims pulled children from schools, weakening education

Turkish – Kemal Ataturk - themselves abolished the caliphate